Гипертиреоз: симптомы, лечение, симптомы, диагностика и лечение | Альфа

Содержание

• Виды гипертиреозов
• Причины гипертиреоза
• Симптомы гипертиреоза
• Осложнения гипертиреоза
• Диагностика гипертиреоза
• Лечение гипертиреоза
• Профилактика гипертиреозов

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• Cтоимость приема
• Для взрослых
• Врачи занимающиеся лечением
• Записаться на прием

Гипертиреоз – это состояние гиперфункции щитовидной железы, которое сопровождается избыточной выработкой тироксина и трийодтиронина. Повышение уровня гормонов в крови ускоряет обменные процессы в организме и оказывает негативное влияние практически на все системы органов. Симптомы гипертиреоза снижают качество жизни больного.

Адекватное и своевременное лечение позволяет предотвратить осложнения и замедлить патологические процессы, вплоть до полного восстановления функции щитовидной железы.

Виды гипертиреозов

Существует три формы заболевания:

• Субклиническая. Явные симптомы отсутствуют, уровень Т4 в норме, уровень трийодтиронина понижен;
• Манифестная. Проявляются характерные признаки гипертиреоза. Уровень Т4 в норме, уровень трийодтиронина низкий;
• Осложненная. Симптоматика включает сердечную недостаточность, аритмию, психоз и другие тяжелые состояния.

По уровню возникновения гипертиреоз бывает:

• первичный – патология щитовидной железы;
• вторичный – поражается гипофиз;
• третичный – процессы развиваются в гипоталамусе.

Причины гипертиреоза

К дисфункции щитовидной железы приводит ряд эндокринных заболеваний, таких как:

• Болезнь Грейвса (Базедова, Базедова-Грейвса). Синдром носит аутоиммунный характер. В организме вырабатываются антитела, которые стимулирую щитовидную железу на выработку избыточного количества гормона Т4;
• Узловой зоб, токсическая аденома. Перечисленные патологии сопровождаются формированием доброкачественных узлов в тканях железы. Образования начинают вырабатывать гормоны и вызывают гипертиреоз. Врачи пока не могут сказать точно, почему одни аденомы синтезируют Т4, а другие – нет;
• Тиреоидит. Воспалительный процесс разрушает клетки щитовидки. Гормоны попадают в кровь и вызывают гипертиреоз. Возможен аутоиммунный характер тиреоидитов. В организме вырабатываются антитела против рецепторов ТТГ. Клетки вызывают активный рост и воспаление щитовидной железы.

Заболеванию наиболее подвержены люди с наследственной предрасположенностью к эндокринным патологиям. Симптомы гипертиреоза щитовидной железы чаще наблюдаются у женщин, чем у мужчин. На развитие заболевания также влияет экологическая обстановка, хронический йододефицит, стрессы.

Симптомы гипертиреоза

Первые признаки дисфункции нехарактерные, поэтому заболевание часто путают с другими соматическими состояниями. Симптомы гипертиреоза щитовидной железы нарастают по мере нарушения обменных процессов в организме.

Основные признаки болезни:

• потеря массы тела при сохранении аппетита, объема и качества пищи;
• аритмия, тахикардия;
• тревожное состояние, депрессивность;
• повышение потливости;
• мелкий тремор пальцев и кистей рук;
• нарушение пищеварения;
• формирование видимого зоба, изменяющего контуры шеи;
• повышенная утомляемость.

Симптомом гипертиреоза у мужчин является снижение потенции, полового влечения. У женщин повышение уровня гормонов щитовидной железы вызывает нарушения менструального цикла. Беременность может закончиться самопроизвольным абортом. Симптомом гипертиреоза щитовидной железы у женщин также может являться снижение фертильности вплоть до бесплодия. В период менопаузы патология в начальных стадиях протекает бессимптомно.

Осложнения гипертиреоза

По мере развития болезни симптомы гипертиреоза щитовидки усиливаются, могут возникать осложнения:

• Нарушения в работе сердца. К общим симптомам гипертиреоза добавляется мерцательная аритмия. Больной плохо переносит физические нагрузки, наблюдается нарушение ритма сердца. Возможно развитие застойной сердечной недостаточности. Последствия обратимы. После устранения гипертиреоза признаки аритмии полностью излечиваются.
• Повышенная ломкость костей. В запущенной форме гипертиреоз вызывает нарушения в структуре костной ткани. Развивается остеопороз. Причина ломкости костей в том, что избыток гормонов мешает кальцию встраиваться в кость.
• Заболевания глаз. Базедова болезнь к симптомам гипертиреоза добавляет офтальмопатию Грейвса. Причина патологии в разрастании и отечности тканей, расположенных за глазными яблоками. Пациент чувствует резь в глазах, чувствительность к свету, жалуется на двоение. Острота зрения постепенно снижается. В запущенных случаях развивается слепота.
• Проблемы с кожей. Глазные симптомы при гипертиреозе часто развиваются параллельно с дермопатией Грейвса. Кожа отекает и краснеет, особенно в районе стоп и голеней.
• Тиреотоксический криз. Повышение уровня гормонов щитовидки в крови может вызывать внезапное лихорадочное состояние, усиление всех основных симптомов. Тиреотоксический криз сопровождается тахикардией. В некоторых случаях наблюдается делирий (психическое нарушение). Пациенту требуется экстренная медицинская помощь.

Диагностика гипертиреоза

Консультация эндокринолога

Диагностика гипертиреоза начинается с приема эндокринолога. На приеме врач задает пациенту вопросы, которые помогут в диагностике: как давно появились клинические симптомы, какая динамика болезни, нет ли в семье других больных с зобом или тиреоидитом. Обязательно проводится физикальное исследование: пальпация щитовидной железы. При явном гипертиреозе врач попытается прощупать контуры органа, определить его положение, однородность структуры, болезненность. После осмотра пациент получает направления на дальнейшие обследования для точной диагностики причины заболевания.

Лабораторные исследования

Гипертиреоз подтверждают анализы крови на уровень гормонов щитовидки. Повышенное содержание тироксина при отсутствии или минимальном количестве ТТГ указывают на гиперфункцию железы. Анализ крови особенно важен в ранней диагностике заболевания у лиц пожилого возраста. Например, симптомы гипертиреоза у женщин в менопаузе могут отсутствовать. Патологию выявляют только по результатам лабораторных исследований.

Анализ крови помогает подтвердить состояние эндокринного органа, а для определения причины гипертиреоза потребуются дополнительные обследования.

Инструментальные методы исследования

Ультразвуковое исследование. УЗИ щитовидной железы позволяет определить форму, размеры долей, оценить степень ее увеличения, обнаружить узлы, кисты, другие новообразования.

Радиоизотопная сцинтиграфия. Пациенту вводят внутривенно специальный раствор. В препарате содержатся радиоактивные изотопы йода, которые активно захватываются щитовидной железой. Через некоторое время врач оценивает степень насыщения тканей и делает вывод об их функциональности. Большое количество радиойода указывает на избыточную выработку тироксина, которая развивается, в частности, при болезни Грейвса.

Если при выраженных симптомах гипертиреоза щитовидки у женщины или мужчины наблюдается минимальное количество изотопов в железе, то вероятная причина патологии – тиреоидит. Тест на захват радиоактивного йода помогает в дифференциальной диагностике.

Тонкоигольная биопсия. Под контролем датчика УЗИ врач берет образцы тканей щитовидной железы для исследования. Материалы биопсии позволяют установить характер новообразований: доброкачественные или злокачественные. Результаты исследования также дают информацию об аутоиммунных процессах, которые могут вызывать гипертиреоз.

Лечение гипертиреоза

Подход к терапии зависит от причины гипертиреоза, возраста и состояния пациента.

Консервативные методы лечения:

• Препараты радиоактивного йода. Изотопы накапливаются в тканях щитовидной железы, подавляя компенсаторные механизмы. Орган уменьшается в размерах, симптомы гипертиреоза постепенно ослабевают. Лечение занимает несколько месяцев. Важно, что радиоактивный йод подавляет функцию железы, поэтому со временем у пациента может развиться гипотиреоз, который восполняется гормонозаместительной терапией.
• Антитиреоидные препараты. Лекарства подавляют выработку гормонов щитовидной железой. Симптомы уменьшаются через несколько недель после приема препаратов в правильно рассчитанной дозировке. Курс лечения составляет до 1 года и дольше. В некоторых случаях гипертиреоз излечивается полностью, иногда возникают рецидивы. Важно, что антитиреоидные препараты могут вызывать аллергию, индивидуальную непереносимость, могут снижать иммунитет. Воздействием данной группы лекарств обуславливают нарушения в работе печени. Принимать препараты можно только под контролем врача.
• Симптоматическое лечение. В зависимости от тяжести проявлений гипертиреоза врач может назначить лекарства для снижения артериального давления, поддержания сердечного ритма и т. д. Симптоматическое лечение продолжают до улучшения общего самочувствия пациента.

В случае тяжелого гипертиреоза, сопровождающегося значительным увеличением щитовидной железы, множественными новообразованиями в функциональной ткани, а также при медуллярном раке показано хирургическое вмешательство. Врач частично или полностью удаляет эндокринный орган. После операции пациенту подбирают дозировку гормонов, которые принимают пожизненно.

Профилактика гипертиреозов

Людям с отягощенной наследственностью, женщинам в период менопаузы и мужчинам пожилого возраста необходимо ежегодно проходить обследование у эндокринолога, сдавать анализ крови на уровень гормонов щитовидной железы.

Рекомендуется сбалансировать питание по БЖУ, ввести в рацион продукты, богатые витаминами А, В, С и минералами. Диета и водолечение помогают не только в профилактике гипертиреоза, но и в реабилитации пациентов после лечения. Регулярное посещение профильных санаториев помогает сохранить и улучшить здоровье эндокринной системы.

Диагностика и лечение гипертиреоза

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90000 Causes, Symptoms, Treatment, Diagnosis & More 90001 90002 Hyperthyroidism is a condition of the thyroid. The thyroid is a small, butterfly-shaped gland located at the front of your neck. It produces tetraiodothyronine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3), which are two primary hormones that control how your cells use energy. Your thyroid gland regulates your metabolism through the release of these hormones. 90003 90002 Hyperthyroidism occurs when the thyroid makes too much T4, T3, or both. Diagnosis of overactive thyroid and treatment of the underlying cause can relieve symptoms and prevent complications.90003 90002 A variety of conditions can cause hyperthyroidism. Graves ‘disease, an autoimmune disorder, is the most common cause of hyperthyroidism. It causes antibodies to stimulate the thyroid to secrete too much hormone. Graves ‘disease occurs more often in women than in men. It tends to run in families, which suggests a genetic link. You should tell your doctor if your relatives have had the condition. 90003 90002 Other causes of hyperthyroidism include: 90003 90010 90011 excess iodine, a key ingredient in T4 and T3 90012 90011 thyroiditis, or inflammation of the thyroid, which causes T4 and T3 to leak out of the gland 90012 90011 tumors of the ovaries or testes 90012 90011 benign tumors of the thyroid or pituitary gland 90012 90011 large amounts of tetraiodothyronine taken through dietary supplements or medication 90012 90021 90002 High amounts of T4, T3, or both can cause an excessively high metabolic rate.This is called a hypermetabolic state. When in a hypermetabolic state, you may experience a rapid heart rate, elevated blood pressure, and hand tremors. You may also sweat a lot and develop a low tolerance for heat. Hyperthyroidism can cause more frequent bowel movements, weight loss, and, in women, irregular menstrual cycles. 90003 90002 Visibly, the thyroid gland itself can swell into a goiter, which can be either symmetrical or one-sided. Your eyes may also appear quite prominent, which is a sign of exophthalmos, a condition that’s related to Graves ‘disease.90003 90002 Other symptoms of hyperthyroidism include: 90003 90002 The following symptoms require immediate medical attention: 90003 90002 Hyperthyroidism can also cause atrial fibrillation, a dangerous arrhythmia that can lead to strokes, as well as congestive heart failure. 90003 90002 90033 Read more: The effects of atrial fibrillation on the body 90034 90003 90002 Your first step in diagnosis is to get a complete medical history and physical exam. This can reveal these common signs of hyperthyroidism: 90003 90010 90011 weight loss 90012 90011 rapid pulse 90012 90011 elevated blood pressure 90012 90011 protruding eyes 90012 90011 enlarged thyroid gland 90012 90021 90002 Other tests may be performed to further evaluate your diagnosis.These include: 90003 90052 Cholesterol test 90053 90002 Your doctor may need to check your cholesterol levels 90033. 90034 Low cholesterol can be a sign of an elevated metabolic rate, in which your body is burning through cholesterol quickly. 90003 90052 T4, free T4, T3 90053 90002 These tests measure how much thyroid hormone (T4 and T3) is in your blood. 90003 90052 Thyroid stimulating hormone level test 90063 90053 90002 Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) is a pituitary gland hormone that stimulates the thyroid gland to produce hormones.When thyroid hormone levels are normal or high, your TSH should be lower. An abnormally low TSH can be the first sign of hyperthyroidism. 90003 90052 Triglyceride test 90053 90002 Your triglyceride level may also be tested. Similar to low cholesterol, low triglycerides can be a sign of an elevated metabolic rate. 90003 90052 Thyroid scan and uptake 90053 90002 This allows your doctor to see if your thyroid is overactive. In particular, it can reveal whether the entire thyroid or just a single area of ​​the gland is causing the overactivity.90003 90052 Ultrasound 90053 90002 Ultrasounds can measure the size of the entire thyroid gland, as well as any masses within it. Doctors can also use ultrasounds to determine if a mass is solid or cystic. 90003 90052 CT or MRI scans 90053 90002 A CT or MRI can show if a pituitary tumor is present that’s causing the condition. 90003 90052 Medication 90053 90002 Antithyroid medications, such as methimazole (Tapazole), stop the thyroid from making hormones. They are a common treatment. 90003 90052 Radioactive iodine 90053 90002 Radioactive iodine is given to over 70 percent of U.S. adults with hyperthyroidism, according to the American Thyroid Association. It effectively destroys the cells that produce hormones. 90003 90002 Common side effects include dry mouth, dry eyes, sore throat, and changes in taste. Precautions may need to be taken for a short time after treatment to prevent radiation spread to others. 90003 90052 Surgery 90053 90002 A section or all of your thyroid gland may be surgically removed. You will then have to take thyroid hormone supplements to prevent hypothyroidism, which occurs when you have an underactive thyroid that secretes too little hormone.Also, beta-blockers such as propranolol can help control your rapid pulse, sweating, anxiety, and high blood pressure. Most people respond well to this treatment. 90003 90002 Eating a proper diet, with a focus on calcium and sodium, is important, especially in preventing hyperthyroidism. Work with your doctor to create healthy guidelines for your diet, nutritional supplements, and exercise. 90003 90002 Hyperthyroidism can also cause your bones to become weak and thin, which can lead to osteoporosis.Taking vitamin D and calcium supplements during and after treatment can help strengthen your bones. Your doctor can tell you how much vitamin D and calcium to take each day. Learn more about the health benefits of vitamin D. 90003 90002 Your doctor may refer you to an endocrinologist, who specializes in treating bodily hormone systems. Stress or infections can cause thyroid storm. Thyroid storm happens when a large amount of thyroid hormone is released and it results in a sudden worsening of symptoms.Treatment is important to prevent thyroid storm, thyrotoxicosis, and other complications. 90003 90002 The long-term outlook for hyperthyroidism depends on its cause. Some causes can go away without treatment. Others, like Graves ‘disease, get worse over time without treatment. The complications of Graves ‘disease can be life-threatening and affect your long-term quality of life. Early diagnosis and treatment of symptoms improve the long-term outlook. 90003 90052 Q: 90053 90002 Why are men less likely than women to have problems with their thyroid? 90003 90052 A: 90053 90002 Both hyperthyroidism (overactive thyroid) and hypothyroidism (underactive thyroid) are typically started by an autoimmune reaction.While Graves ‘disease commonly causes hyperthyroidism, Hashimoto’s commonly causes hypothyroidism. Both disease processes are started by the body attacking the thyroid gland. 90033 90113 90114 90034 90003 90002 It’s not entirely clear why men have less autoimmune disease than women. Researchers suspect it has to do with the differences in the immune system. Women have been found to have a more intense immune response to vaccinations, trauma, and infections, compared to men. So it is likely that this highly active immune system puts women at risk for more thyroid disease.90003 90119 Judi Marcin, MD 90120 90121 Answers represent the opinions of our medical experts. All content is strictly informational and should not be considered medical advice. 90122.90000 Hyperthyroidism Symptoms — Signs and symptoms caused by excessive amounts of thyroid hormones 90001 90002 When you have hyperthyroidism, your body is producing excessive amounts of the thyroid hormones T3 and T4. Since these hormones regulate your metabolism (how your body processes and uses energy), having too high a level will cause symptoms related to a high metabolism. In essence, hyperthyroidism speeds up some of your body’s processes. 90003 90002 However, not everyone with hyperthyroidism will experience all of the symptoms listed below.These are all the 90005 possible 90006 symptoms, but symptoms vary based on how long your thyroid gland has been producing too much T3 and T4, how much extra T3 and T4 you have, and your age. 90003 90002 Here’s what you 90005 may 90006 experience with hyperthyroidism: 90003 90002 Hyperthyroidism can cause different bodily functions to speed up, leading to jitters, anxiety, or even a racing pulse, making it difficult to get a good night’s sleep. (Photo: 123rf) 90003 90014 90015 Appetite change (decrease or increase) 90016 90015 Difficulty sleeping (insomnia) 90016 90015 Fatigue 90016 90015 Frequent bowel movement-perhaps diarrhea 90016 90015 Heart palpitations 90016 90015 Heat intolerance 90016 90015 Increased sweating 90016 90015 Irritability 90016 90015 Light menstrual periods-perhaps even missed periods 90016 90015 Mental disturbances 90016 90015 Muscle weakness 90016 90015 Nervousness 90016 90015 Problems with fertility 90016 90015 Shortness of breath 90016 90015 Sudden paralysis 90016 90015 Tremor / shakiness 90016 90015 Vision changes 90016 90015 Weight loss-but perhaps weight gain 90016 90015 Dizziness 90016 90015 Thinning of hair 90016 90015 Itching and hives 90016 90015 Possible increase in blood sugar 90016 90059 90002 If Graves ‘disease is the underlying cause of your hyperthyroidism, there are some additional symptoms associated with that.Please read our article on Graves ‘disease symptoms to learn more about those. 90003 90002 Updated on: 05/07/19 90003 90002 Diagnosing Hyperthyroidism: Overactivity of the Thyroid Gland 90003 .90000 Hyperthyroidism: Causes, symptoms, and treatment 90001 90002 Hyperthyroidism, or overactive thyroid, happens when the thyroid gland produces too much thyroid hormone. This has an impact throughout the body. 90003 90002 The thyroid gland is in the neck. It has a butterfly shape. The hormones that it produces and releases into the bloodstream control the body’s growth and metabolism. Too much hormone can affect many functions in the body. 90003 90002 There are several possible causes and a wide range of potential symptoms.It usually begins slowly, but, in younger people, onset can be sudden. 90003 90002 Hyperthyroidism is distinct from hypothyroidism. «Hyper» refers to the presence of too much thyroid hormone in the system. «Hypo» means too little, or an underactive thyroid. 90003 90002 Around 1.2 percent of people in the United States (U.S.) have an overactive thyroid. 90003 90002 It affects women more than men and is most likely to occur over the age of 60 years. 90003 90002 Without treatment, hyperthyroidism can seriously impact different bodily functions, including the heart.However, medication can normally control it by reducing thyroid hormone production. 90003 90016 Fast facts on hyperthyroidism 90017 90002 Here are some key points about hyperthyroidism. More detail is in the main article. 90003 90020 90021 Hyperthyroidism happens when the thyroid gland produces too much hormone. 90022 90021 Graves ‘disease is the most common cause. 90022 90021 Medication can usually normalize hormone levels, but treatment may take 1 to 2 years. 90022 90021 Untreated, hyperthyroidism can cause severe complications.90022 90021 With treatment, pregnancy should be able to progress normally. 90022 90031 Share on PinterestThe thyroid gland is vital for regulating hormones around the body. When the thyroid produces too many hormones, this is known as hyperthyroidism. 90002 Symptoms are wide ranging, and they vary between people. Patients with mild hyperthyroidism are often unaware that they have it because there are no symptoms. 90003 90002 Most symptoms are related to the increase in metabolic rate. 90003 90002 They include: 90003 90020 90021 swelling in the neck caused by an enlarged thyroid gland, or goiter 90022 90021 nervousness, irritability, mood swings, and decreased concentration 90022 90021 diarrhea 90022 90021 difficulty breathing 90022 90021 fatigue, tiredness, and difficulty sleeping 90022 90021 muscle weakness 90022 90021 hyperactivity 90022 90021 oversensitivity to heat, excessive sweating, and warm, damp skin 90022 90021 increased appetite 90022 90021 increased bowel movements and urination 90022 90021 infertility and a loss of interest in sex 90022 90021 itchy skin with raised itchy swellings ( urticaria) 90022 90021 nails become loose 90022 90021 menstrual problems in women, especially lighter periods or absence of periods 90022 90021 alopecia where hair is lost in patches 90022 90021 accelerated heartbeat, sometimes with palpitations 90022 90021 redness on the palms of hands 90022 90021 sudden weight loss or gain 90022 90021 trembling hands an d shakiness 90022 90031 90002 Symptoms vary between individuals, and patients rarely have all these symptoms.90003 90002 Patients with diabetes may experience heightened diabetes symptoms, such as fatigue and increased thirst. 90003 90002 Those with heart disease have a higher risk of arrhythmia, heart failure, and other cardiovascular risks. 90003 90002 Some medications treat the symptoms of hyperthyroidism, such as heart beat problems, while others target thyroid hormone productions. 90003 90002 Beta-blockers can relieve symptoms until other treatments start to work. According to the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK), most people will feel better within a few hours.90003 90002 90089 Antithyroid drugs 90090 stop the thyroid gland from producing too much thyroxine or triiodothyronine. Methimazole or propylthiouracil (PTU) may be used. 90003 90002 After starting treatment, it may take several weeks or months for hormone levels to adjust to the normal range. On average, total treatment time is between 1 and 2 years, but it can take longer. 90003 90002 Adverse effects of medications include: 90003 90020 90021 allergic reactions 90022 90021 reduction in white blood cells, increasing the chance of infections 90022 90021 rarely, liver failure 90022 90031 90002 90089 Radioactive iodine 90090 is picked up by the active cells in the thyroid, and it destroys them.The destruction is local, and there are no widespread side effects. The dose of radioactivity contained in the radioiodine is very low and is not harmful. 90003 90002 90089 Radioiodine treatment 90090 is not suitable for women who are pregnant or breastfeeding. Women should avoid getting pregnant for at least 6 months after treatment, and men should not father a child for at least 4 months. 90003 90002 90089 Surgery 90090 can remove part of the thyroid gland if other treatments are not possible, for instance, during pregnancy, can not tolerate other therapies, or has cancer.90003 90002 Patients may find it useful to avoid food and other products that are high in iodine, such as seaweed and some cough medicines and multivitamins. 90003 90002 Several factors can cause hyperthyroidism. 90003 90016 Graves ‘disease 90017 90002 This is the most common cause, and it accounts for over 70 percent of cases. It is an autoimmune condition. 90003 90002 It is unclear what triggers Graves ‘disease, but it often runs in families, suggesting a genetic basis. 90003 90002 Grave’s disease is most common in women aged 20 to 40 years and especially smokers.90003 90002 It can affect the eyes, causing discomfort and double vision. Patients commonly have eyes that protrude. 90003 90016 Nodular thyroid disease 90017 90002 Lumps, known as nodules, develop in the thyroid gland. It is unclear why they develop. They may contain abnormal thyroid tissue, but they are usually benign, or noncancerous. They affect the regular function of the thyroid, causing overactive thyroid. 90003 90002 The thyroid may become enlarged, but there is no pain. Someone with nodules may feel them with the fingertips.90003 90016 Excessive iodine intake 90017 90002 The thyroid gland removes iodine from the blood. Iodine comes from foods such as seafood, bread, and salt. The thyroid gland uses the iodine to produce thyroid hormones. 90003 90002 The two most important thyroid hormones are thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3). 90003 90002 Taking additional iodine in supplements can cause the thyroid gland to produce too much of the hormones. 90003 90002 Intake of thyroid hormones: Patients who are receiving thyroid hormones as a treatment need to follow up regularly with their doctor to make sure they are taking the right dose of thyroid medication.90003 90016 Medications 90017 90002 Some medications used in the treatment of heart problems contain a large amount of iodine. They may trigger changes in thyroid function. Options include amiodarone and lithium, used to treat bipolar disorder. 90003 90016 Thyroiditis 90017 90002 An inflammation of the thyroid that often results from a viral infection. Symptoms include fever, sore throat, painful swallowing, generalized aches, and pains in the neck. 90003 90016 Follicular thyroid cancer 90017 90002 In rare cases, overactive thyroid can be caused by thyroid cancer.The malignant cells may start producing thyroxine or triiodothyronine. 90003 90002 There is no special diet that can resolve a thyroid disorder. 90003 90002 However, reducing the intake of excessive iodine in the diet and avoiding iodine supplements can help to stop thyroid activity becoming more imbalanced. 90003 90002 A balanced diet can help to preserve thyroid health. If you are choosing to take supplements, be sure to ask your doctor for advice on how much to take and which supplements will be best for you without affecting thyroid activity.90003 90002 90089 Graves ‘ophthalmopathy 90090 can cause pain or discomfort in the eye, light sensitivity, and some vision problems. The eyes may protrude. 90003 90002 Using eye drops and wearing sunglasses can help relieve symptoms. 90003 90002 In severe cases, treatment with certain drugs, such as steroids or immunosuppressive drugs, can decrease the swelling behind the eyes. 90003 90002 90089 A thyroid storm 90090 is an uncommon reaction that can be triggered by an infection, injury, or trauma, including surgery, or by childbirth.It can also occur in pregnant women with undiagnosed or poorly controlled hyperthyroidism. 90003 90002 The signs and symptoms include rapid heartbeat, high fever, agitation, jaundice, vomiting, diarrhea, dehydration, and hallucinations. 90003 90002 This is a life-threatening reaction. It requires emergency medical treatment. 90003 90002 The severity of hyperthyroidism and its symptoms depend on how well the body is able to react to the changes that result from the excess thyroid hormones, and how well patients follow their treatment plan.90003 90002 The doctor will ask about symptoms, perform a physical examination, and possibly order blood tests. 90003 90002 Advanced hyperthyroidism is normally easy to diagnose because the signs are clear, but diagnosis is less obvious in the early stages. 90003 90002 A blood test, known as a thyroid function test, can show how well the thyroid gland is working. The test checks for levels of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), thyroxine (T4), and triiodothyronine (T3). 90003 90002 A special diagnostic scan of the thyroid gland may be carried out using radioactive iodine to gauge thyroid function.This is known as a radioactive iodine uptake (RAIU) test. 90003 Share on PinterestA women with an overactive thyroid who wants to become pregnant should seek treatment for their hyperthyroidism first. 90002 A woman with hypothyroidism may find it harder to become pregnant. 90003 90002 During pregnancy, thyroid hormone levels will rise slightly. 90003 90002 Women with an overactive thyroid may find that their thyroid enlarges slightly during pregnancy. Some women who are susceptible but have not been diagnosed before may have a slightly hyperactive thyroid during pregnancy.90003 90002 Severe, untreated hyperthyroidism during pregnancy has been linked to spontaneous abortion, low birth weight, maternal high blood pressure, and heart problems. 90003 90002 If the mother has a thyroid problem, the newborn should be checked for thyroid function, as these can have a profound effect on brain development. 90003 90002 Women who are receiving treatment before pregnancy will continue to receive the same therapy, but their medication may need adjusting as thyroxine dose requirements usually increase.Levothyroxine is safe to take during pregnancy, as it has the same characteristics as the natural hormone. 90003 90002 However, it should be taken 2 to 3 hours apart from any prenatal vitamins, because iron and calcium may interfere with the absorption of thyroid hormone. 90003 90002 A woman should ensure her hyperthyroidism is under control before becoming pregnant. 90003 90002 With appropriate treatment, most pregnancies can be expected to progress normally. 90003.90000 Causes, Symptoms, Treatment, and More 90001 90002 Hyperthyroidism is a condition in which your thyroid gland produces more thyroid hormones than your body requires. It’s also known as «overactive thyroid.» It can harm the health of your heart, muscles, semen quality, and more if not treated effectively. 90003 90002 The small, butterfly-shaped thyroid gland is located in the neck. Hormones made by the thyroid gland affect your energy level and the functioning of most of your organs. Thyroid hormone, for example, plays a role in the beating of your heart.90003 90002 The opposite of hyperthyroidism is the more common hypothyroidism, or «underactive thyroid,» which is when the gland does not produce enough thyroid hormones to match the body’s needs. 90003 90002 While women are 2 to 10 times more likely than men to develop an overactive thyroid, male hyperthyroidism does occur and usually requires medications to keep it in check. Men and women share many of hyperthyroidism’s main symptoms, but there are some symptoms that are unique to men. 90003 90002 A condition known as Graves ‘disease is the most common cause of hyperthyroidism for men, though women are still more likely to develop this autoimmune disorder.90003 90002 Having Graves ‘disease means your immune system mistakenly attacks a healthy thyroid gland, causing it to produce too much thyroid hormone. It usually develops between the ages of 30 and 50, though it can form at any age. 90003 90002 Other causes include: 90003 90016 90017 nodules, which are abnormal clusters of thyroid cells within the gland 90018 90017 Plummer’s disease, also known as toxic nodular goiter, which is more common in women and people over age 60 90018 90017 thyroiditis, any of several conditions that cause inflammation of the thyroid gland 90018 90017 too much iodine intake from medicines or diet 90018 90025 90002 There are many signs of hyperthyroidism.Some, like difficulty sleeping, you may not notice or think of as symptoms of a serious underlying health condition. Others, like an abnormally rapid heartbeat (even when at rest) should get your attention quickly. 90003 90002 Other common symptoms of hyperthyroidism include: 90003 90016 90017 unexpected weight loss, even when food consumption and appetite remain unchanged 90018 90017 irregular heartbeat 90018 90017 heart palpitations 90018 90017 nervousness 90018 90017 irritability 90018 90017 fatigue 90018 90017 tremor (usually trembling of the fingers and hands) 90018 90017 sweating 90018 90017 increased sensitivity to heat and / or cold 90018 90017 more frequent bowel movements 90018 90017 muscle weakness 90018 90017 hair thinning 90018 90025 90002 Though men and women tend to share most of the same common symptoms of hyperthyroidism, there are a few important complications that affect men only.90003 90002 In particular, an overactive thyroid can contribute to erectile dysfunction (ED), as well as a low sperm count. Premature balding can also be a sign of hyperthyroidism in men. 90003 90002 Too much thyroid hormone can also cause lower levels of testosterone, which can lead to several complications. For example, men may also be more noticeably affected by a loss of muscle mass caused by hyperthyroidism. 90003 90002 Osteoporosis triggered by an overactive thyroid may also take men by surprise, as this bone-thinning disease is most often associated with women.A condition known as gynecomastia (male breast enlargement) can also be a result of hyperthyroidism. 90003 90002 Thyroid hormones affect the function of certain cells in your testes, according to a 2018 study in the International Journal of Immunopathology and Pharmacology. For example, too much or too little thyroid hormone can interfere with the healthy function of Leydig cells, which help produce and secrete testosterone. 90003 90002 Hyperthyroidism also affects sperm cells, leading to reduced sperm density and motility (how well sperm can move or «swim»).It can even affect the actual shape or form of the sperm themselves. 90003 90002 Thyroid disease is also associated with erectile dysfunction, though the connection still is not well understood. Both overactive and underactive thyroid disorders may affect erectile function, though hypothyroidism tends to be more commonly linked to ED. 90003 90002 All of this can lead to infertility. If you’ve been unable to father a child, a test of your semen quality may help lead to a solution. A low sperm count should be followed by a test of your thyroid hormone levels.These are simple tests that could lead to a treatment that will balance out your hormone levels, which in turn may help improve your sexual health, too. 90003 90002 Just because women may be more likely to develop hyperthyroidism, does not mean that men should not be tested as their risks increase. You should have noticeable symptoms evaluated. You should also be screened for hyperthyroidism if you have a family history of thyroid disease or are over age 60. Likewise, you may be at higher risk if you have type 2 diabetes, in which case, you should consider thyroid disease screening.90003 90002 Hyperthyroidism evaluation starts with a review of your medical history and symptoms. Your doctor may look to see if you have a tremor and changes in your eyes or skin. They may also check if you have overactive reflexes. All of these may indicate an overactive thyroid. 90003 90002 In addition to a physical exam, hyperthyroidism screening should include a test for thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) and thyroxine, the main hormone released by the thyroid gland. An imaging test called a thyroid scan can also be helpful in diagnosing hyperthyroidism.90003 90002 Talk with your doctor about getting screened, as thyroid disease is a widely underdiagnosed and undertreated health problem. An estimated 60 percent of people with some form of thyroid disease do not know they have the condition. 90003 90002 Hyperthyroidism can be more difficult to treat than hypothyroidism, which can usually be managed by taking synthetic thyroid hormone. The options for overactive thyroid treatment include: 90003 90016 90017 90084 Antithyroid medications 90085, such as methimazole, that cause the thyroid to make less hormone.90018 90017 90084 Surgery 90085 to remove all or part of the thyroid, which results in having to take synthetic hormone. 90018 90017 90084 Radioiodine therapy 90085, which involves taking radioactive iodine-131 by mouth. The iodine slowly kills some of the cells making thyroid hormone with the goal of bringing hormone production into a normal, healthy range. This is a widely used therapy that can sometimes require more than one treatment. 90018 90025 90002 In addition to helping resolve symptoms related to heart rate, weight, energy, and other complications related to overactive thyroid, treatment of hyperthyroidism may also help resolve sexual dysfunction problems.90003 90002 If you have symptoms of hyperthyroidism, do not wait to be tested for this disorder. Damage to your health may be ongoing without you realizing it. 90003 90002 If you’re diagnosed with hyperthyroidism but do not yet have any noticeable symptoms, still follow through with your doctor’s advice about treatment. Discuss all the risks and benefits of various treatment options before committing to one approach. The sooner you start to deal with hyperthyroidism, the less long-term harm it can cause.90003.