Ноотропы * Список препаратов последнего поколения Главная » Спортпит » Ноотропы – список препаратов нового поколения

Современная жизнь переполнена ежедневными стрессами. Проблемы на работе, ссоры в семье или депрессивное состояние – всё это не только портит настроение, но и наносит непоправимый вред головному мозгу.

Переизбыток стрессовых ситуаций негативно влияет на память, замедляет мыслительные процессы и поражает центральную нервную систему. Чтобы избежать данных последствий, учёными были изобретены ноотропные препараты. В этой статье мы рассмотрим список ноотропных препаратов нового поколения и механизм их действия.

Что такое ноотропы?

Ноотропы – средства, относящиеся к разряду психотропных. Они положительно влияют на работу головного мозга, увеличивая его стрессоустойчивость. Ноотропные препараты укрепляют память, усиливают интеллектуальные способности и стимулируют желание изучать новую информацию.

Прототипы современных медикаментов были изобретены более полувека тому назад. В то время ноотропные средства имели одно положительное свойство – улучшение памяти. С развитием медицины удалось получить ноотропы нового поколения, которые оказывают комплексное влияние на работу мозга.

Ноотропные средства входят в фармакологическую группу психостимулирующих препаратов, но имеют ряд важных преимуществ перед классическими психостимуляторами:

• не оказывают негативного влияния на человека;
• не корректируют активность мозга;
• не замедляют физическую реакцию;
• не имеют снотворного эффекта;
• не вызывают зависимость.

Основным действием ноотропов является нормализация работы центральной нервной системы. Также препараты оберегают головной мозг от психических заболеваний, предупреждают образование тромбов и гипоксии. Медикаменты ноотропного действия прописывают пациентам при ишемии, отравлениях или травмах головного мозга.

Ноотропы делятся на 2 вида:

• Однозадачные. Препараты, демонстрирующие один положительный эффект – улучшение памяти;
• Многозадачные. Средства, оказывающие антигипоксический, седативный и миорелаксантный эффекты.

Ведущие специалисты фармакологии до сих пор ведут разработки в сфере ноотропных средств. С каждым годом они становятся более эффективными, а перечень возможных побочек безостановочно сокращается. Список ноотропных препаратов регулярно пополняется, что свидетельствует об их высокой эффективности и важности в медицине.

Как работают ноотропы для мозга?

Группа ноотропов активно воздействует на функциональность головного мозга. Вещество стимулирует его работу, усиливает функции памяти и нормализует мыслительную деятельность. Ноотропы выступают в роли связующего звена для улучшения взаимодействия двух полушарий. Специалисты утверждают, что регулярный приём ноотропных средств замедляет процессы старения.

Нейрометаболические церебропротекторы берут свои корни из биогенетики. Данные препараты стимулируют повышенное выведение глюкозы и образование АТФ, укрепляют взаимодействие белков и рибонуклеиновой кислоты (двух из трёх ключевых макромолекул в организме).

Выделяют 4 основных механизма действия ноотропных веществ:

1. Мембраностабилизаторы. Регенерируют мембраны клеток, их строение и свойства;
2. Антиоксиданты. Нейтрализуют окислительные процессы в организме человека;
3. Антигипоксанты. Нормализуют выведение кислорода из организма, чем способствуют повышению устойчивости к гипоксии;
4. Нейропротекторы. Оберегают нейроны головного мозга от повреждений.

Воздействие ноотропов усиливается в связке с психостимуляторами. Подобные комбинации назначаются людям, страдающим сильными расстройствами.

Ноотропы – список препаратов

Представляем вашему вниманию лучшие ноотропы последнего поколения, которые нашли широкое применение в различных областях современной медицины.

Пирацетам (Ноотропил). Препарат выпускается в таблетках или инъекционных ампулах. Пирацетам способствует улучшению обмена веществ в центральной нервной системе и положительно влияет на кровообращение в мозге. Средство применяют при нарушениях речи, ухудшении памяти, частых головокружениях и вирусных заболеваниях нейронов.

Прамирацетам. Препарат выпускается в таблетированной форме. По механизму действия похож на витамин В4. Усиливает основные функции головного мозга: память, речь, восприятие, сосредоточенность. Прамирацетам не характеризуется как успокаивающее средство. Более эффективный результат достигается при курсовой терапии (1-2 месяца).

Важно! Людям, страдающим от почечной недостаточности следует проконсультироваться у врача перед стартом курса.

Винпоцетин (Нейровин). Выпускается в виде таблеток или инъекционных растворов. Способствует улучшению церебрального кровообращения. Особой популярностью препарат пользуется в неврологии и офтальмологии при устранении патологических заболеваний сетчатки. Так же его используют при нарушениях слуха.

Рекомендуют использовать средство в течение от 1 до 2 месяцев в зависимости от болезни и динамики её протекания. Отмену препарата следует делать постепенно, снижая дозировки в течение недели. По мере улучшения состояния инъекции заменяют таблетированной формой.

Фенибут (Нообут). Средство производится в порошковой, капсульной и таблетированной формах. Вещество борется с недостатком кислорода в нервных клетках и ухудшением работы памяти. Оказывает положительное влияние как на психическое, так и на физическое состояние человека. Устраняет тревожные чувства, ослабляет депрессивные состояния и приводит в норму режим сна.

Важно! Следует с повышенной внимательностью комбинировать Фенибут со снотворным, так как препарат усиливает действие последних.

Ноотроп назначают при расстройствах нервной системы и упадке интеллектуальных способностей. Рекомендуется курсовая терапия длительностью от 1 до 2 месяцев.

Пантогам. Распространённый ноотропный препарат, используемый в детской медицине. Выпускается в форме таблеток. Подавляет излишнюю возбудимость и гиперактивность у детей. Эффект от применения появляется уже через 2-3 недели после начала курса. Продолжительность лечения – до 6 месяцев, в зависимости от состояния больного.

Глицин. Препарат в виде таблеток, который отличается ярко выраженным успокаивающим эффектом. Помогает организму пережить стрессовое состояние, подавляя тревогу и раздражение.

Фезам. Ноотроп, нормализирующий кровообращение в головном мозге. Положительно влияет на работу ЦНС, способствует расширению сосудов. Незначительно влияет на слуховые и зрительные органы. Средство эффективно борется с головокружениями, потерями памяти, последствиями инсульта или энцефалита.

В состав препарата входит связка двух других ноотропов (Пирацетам и Циннаризин). Данная связка усиливает противогипоксический эффект и ускоряет метаболизм в нервных клетках.

Заключение

Мы ответили на главный вопрос: «Ноотропное средство: что это и как оно действует?». Применение ноотропов абсолютно безопасно, если заранее проконсультироваться у врача. Широкий ассортимент медикаментов позволит точечно воздействовать на проблему, что значительно ускорит процесс лечения.

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Doses of 5 grams per day have been shown to be safe in the long term. 90019 90002 90047 Bacopa monnieri 90048 is an ancient herb used in Ayurvedic medicine to enhance brain function. 90003 90002 Several studies have found that 90047 Bacopa monnieri 90048 supplements can speed up information processing in your brain, reduce reaction times and improve memory (16, 17, 18).90003 90002 90047 Bacopa monnieri 90048 contains active compounds called bacosides, which protect your brain from oxidative stress and improve signaling in your hippocampus, an area of ​​your brain in which memories are processed (19). 90003 90002 The effects of 90047 Bacopa monnieri 90048 are not felt immediately. 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It may be due to its strong anti-inflammatory effects, which help protect your brain from oxidative stress and enhance its function (28). 90003 90002 Some longer-term studies have found that your body may adapt to ginseng, making it less effective after several months of use. Therefore, more research is needed on its long-term nootropic effects (29). 90003 90016 90017 Summary 90018 Occasional doses of 90047 Panax ginseng 90048 may help improve mental function, but more research is needed on its long-term effectiveness.90019 90002 Extracts from the leaves of the 90047 Ginkgo biloba 90048 tree may also have positive effects on your brain. 90003 90002 90047 Ginkgo biloba 90048 supplements have been shown to improve memory and mental processing in healthy older adults when taken daily for six weeks (30, 31, 32). 90003 90002 Taking 90047 Ginkgo biloba 90048 before a highly stressful task also reduces stress-related high blood pressure and decreases levels of cortisol, a type of stress hormone (33). 90003 90002 It’s hypothesized that some of these benefits may be due to increased blood flow to the brain after supplementing with 90047 Ginkgo biloba 90048 (34).90003 90002 While these results are promising, not all studies have shown beneficial effects. More research is needed to better understand the potential benefits of 90047 Ginkgo biloba 90048 on your brain (35). 90003 90016 90017 Summary 90018 Some research suggests that 90047 Ginkgo biloba 90048 can improve memory and mental processing and may be beneficial in stressful situations. Yet, more research is needed. 90019 90002 Nicotine is a naturally occurring chemical found in many plants, especially tobacco.It’s one of the compounds that make cigarettes so addictive. 90003 90002 It can also be consumed through nicotine gum or absorbed through your skin via a nicotine patch. 90003 90002 Studies show that nicotine can have nootropic effects, such as improved alertness and attention, especially in people with naturally poor attention spans (36, 37). 90003 90002 It has also been found to improve motor function. 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Nonetheless, it’s addictive and toxic in high doses. 90019 90002 Noopept is a synthetic smart drug that can be purchased as a supplement.90003 90002 Unlike some of the natural nootropics, the effects of Noopept can be felt within minutes, rather than hours, days or weeks, and typically last for several hours (40, 41). 90003 90002 Animal studies have shown that Noopept speeds up how quickly the brain forms and retrieves memories by boosting levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), a compound that promotes the growth of brain cells (42, 43, 44). 90003 90002 Human research has found that this smart drug helps people recover more quickly from brain injuries, but more studies are needed to understand how it might be used as a nootropic in healthy adults (45, 46).90003 90016 90017 Summary 90018 Noopept is a fast-acting, synthetic nootropic that may improve memory by increasing BDNF levels in your brain. However, more human-based research is needed. 90019 90002 Piracetam is another synthetic nootropic molecule that’s very similar to Noopept in structure and function. 90003 90002 It has been shown to improve memory in people with age-related mental decline but does not seem to have much benefit in healthy adults (47, 48). 90003 90002 During the 1970s, a few small, poorly designed studies suggested that piracetam may improve memory in healthy adults, but these findings have not been replicated (49, 50, 51).90003 90002 Though piracetam is widely available and promoted as a smart drug, research on its effects is lacking. 90003 90016 90017 Summary 90018 Piracetam is marketed as a nootropic supplement, but research supporting its effectiveness is lacking. 90019 90002 Phenotropil, also known as phenylpiracetam, is a synthetic smart drug that is widely available as an over-the-counter supplement. 90003 90002 It’s similar in structure to piracetam and Noopept and helps the brain recover from various injuries like stroke, epilepsy and trauma (52, 53, 54).90003 90002 One study in rats found that phenotropil slightly enhanced memory, but research to support its use as a smart drug in healthy adults is unavailable (55). 90003 90016 90017 Summary 90018 Phenotropil is marketed as a smart drug, but research showing memory-enhancing benefits in healthy adults is unavailable. 90019 90002 Commonly sold under the brand name Provigil, modafinil is a prescription drug that is often used to treat narcolepsy, a condition that causes uncontrollable drowsiness (56).90003 90002 Its stimulating effects are similar to those of amphetamines or cocaine. 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However, it should only be taken as prescribed. 90019 90002 Adderall is a prescription medication that contains highly stimulating amphetamines.90003 90002 It’s most commonly prescribed to treat attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and narcolepsy, but it’s increasingly taken by healthy adults to improve attention and focus (64). 90003 90002 Adderall works by increasing the availability of the brain chemicals dopamine and noradrenaline within your prefrontal cortex, an area of ​​your brain that controls working memory, attention and behavior (65). 90003 90002 The amphetamines found in Adderall make people feel more awake, attentive and optimistic.They also reduce appetite (66). 90003 90002 A review of 48 studies found that Adderall significantly improved people’s ability to control their behavior and enhanced short-term memory (67). 90003 90002 Depending on the dose and type of pill prescribed, the effects last up to 12 hours (68). 90003 90002 It’s important to note that these drugs are not without side effects. 90003 90002 Adderall is widely abused on college campuses, with some surveys indicating that up to 43% of students use stimulant drugs without a prescription (69).90003 90002 The side effects of Adderall abuse include anxiety, low sex drive and sweating (70). 90003 90002 Recreational Adderall abuse can also cause more severe side effects, such as heart attack, especially when mixed with alcohol (71, 72, 73). 90003 90002 Evidence that Adderall enhances mental performance is strong, but it should only be taken as prescribed. 90003 90016 90017 Summary 90018 Adderall is not available without a prescription but does appear to improve brain function in healthy adults and those with ADHD.90019 90002 Ritalin is another prescription drug used to manage symptoms of ADHD and narcolepsy. 90003 90002 Like Adderall, it’s a stimulant and increases dopamine and noradrenaline concentrations in your brain. However, it does not contain amphetamines (74). 90003 90002 In healthy adults, Ritalin improves short-term memory, information-processing speed and attention (75, 76). 90003 90002 It’s typically well tolerated, but may have the opposite effect and impair thinking if an excessive dose is taken (77).90003 90002 Like Adderall, Ritalin is widely abused, especially by people aged 18-25 (78). 90003 90002 The most common side effects of Ritalin include insomnia, stomach ache, headache and loss of appetite (79). 90003 90002 It can also cause hallucinations, psychosis, seizures, heart arrhythmias and high blood pressure, particularly when taken in high doses (79, 80, 81, 82). 90003 90002 Ritalin is a powerful stimulant that should only be taken as prescribed and monitored closely for abuse.90003 90016 90017 Summary 90018 Ritalin is a smart drug that enhances information processing, memory and attention. It’s only available with a prescription. 90019 90002 Nootropics and smart drugs refer to natural, synthetic and prescription substances that enhance mental function. 90003 90002 Prescription smart drugs, such as Adderall and Ritalin, have the strongest and most significant effects on memory and attention. 90003 90002 Synthetic nootropic supplements like Noopept and piracetam are widely available, but research on their effectiveness in healthy adults is lacking.90003 90002 Many natural nootropics are used in alternative medicine, but their effects are typically more subtle and slower acting. They’re sometimes taken in combination to boost their effectiveness. 90003 90002 The use of nootropics and smart drugs is on the rise in today’s society, but more research is needed to better understand their benefits. 90003.90000 Nootropics List: 84+ Amazing Nootropics Combined 90001 90002 This nootropics list is my ultimate checklist where you can find the most popular, effective, exciting, and newly-discovered nootropics and nootropic stacks. I regularly update it to keep it up-to-date. 90003 90002 90003 90006 90007 Why Creating Such List? 90008 90009 90002 In 2019, we can easily find around 100 nootropics and nootropic stacks on the market that are being daily consumed by millions of people. The market is growing with rocket speed, more brands are developing their nootropic supplements, and more nootropic research is being done than ever before.90003 90002 The future seems promising, but we have to be careful. 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If not, be careful. 90003 90002 We will keep on adding nootropics on this list, and we will make sure to update it as often as possible. 90003 90002 So, if you are ready, check out our big list of nootropics. 90003 90006 90007 The Big List Of Nootropics 90008 90009 90002 Here you can find a detailed nootropic supplements list: 90003 90026 5-HTP 90027 90002 5-HTP is an amino acid that regulates serotonin and other brain chemicals for relaxation, sleep, and appetite satisfaction .It easily crosses the blood-brain barrier, where it converts to serotonin. [1] 90003 90002 5-HTP is also known to decrease appetite and reduce sleep terrors. The recommended daily dosage is 300-500 mg. 90003 90026 Acetyl L-Carnitine 90027 90002 Acetyl L-Carnitine is a derivative from an amino acid that can boost your cognitive and physical performance. It is naturally produced in your body, but supplementing it shows certain benefits. [2] 90003 90002 It can enhance mitochondria energy, and it protects neurotransmitters.Besides, it may improve your memory and mental alertness. The recommended daily dosage is 500 — 2000 mg per day. 90003 90026 Alpha-Lipoic Acid (ALA) 90027 90002 Alpha-Lipoic Acid is a fat-soluble antioxidant that can cross the blood-brain barrier and help protect the brain against aging. It is a synthetic form of lipoic acid, which can eliminate free radices in our brain. It may improve memory and enhance energy levels. [3] The recommended daily dosage is 300-600 mg. 90003 90026 Alpha-GPC 90027 90002 Alpha-GPC is a choline compound needed for a healthy brain and body functioning.It supports memory and fights against cognitive decline. This choline source is found naturally in our brain. Supplementing shows positive effects on our memory, focus, learning, and overall cognition. [4] The recommended daily dosage is 300-600 mg. 90003 90026 Aniracetam 90027 90002 Aniracetam is 2-5 times stronger than normal racetam, and it is primarily used for creativity, holistic thinking, memory, and reducing anxiety. This synthetic nootropic may improve learning, memory, and cognition.Also, it can reduce stress. [5] 90003 90002 The effective dosage starts at 400 mg. Most experts recommend taking 1000-1500 mg per day. 90003 90026 Apoaequorin 90027 90002 Apoaequorin is a jellyfish protein used for the neuroprotective activity. The first research shows it can provide focus and memory benefits. [6] The recommended daily dosage has not been established yet. 90003 90026 Artichoke extract (Luteolin) 90027 90002 Artichoke is a plant that is known for several benefits, including lower cholesterol, liver health, and antioxidant properties.It is a PDE4 inhibitor. This nootropic is often supplemented for improving memory, cognition, and protecting the brains. [7] 90003 90002 The optimal daily dosage has not been established yet. 90003 90026 Ashwagandha 90027 90002 Ashwagandha is an adaptogen root herb with benefits for mental energy, stress resistance, and mood. It has been used in Ayurveda medicine for centuries. It is one of the most popular adaptogens on the market. [8] 90003 90002 The recommended daily dosage is 300-500 mg taken with a meal.90003 90026 Astaxanthin 90027 90002 Astaxanthin is a potent antioxidant found in algae that may offer some brain-protective activity. It is less researched compared to lutein and zeaxanthin, but it seems more potent. [9] 90003 90002 The recommended daily dosage is 6-8 mg. 90003 90026 Bacopa Monnieri 90027 90002 Bacopa Monnieri is a herb used in traditional medicine for improving memory, focus, and reducing stress. It is one of the most popular nootropics available on the market. Based on our opinion, it should be added to every nootropic supplement.90003 90002 Because Bacopa is an adaptogen herb, it can prevent the physical effects of stress. Studies show that this herb is effective in treating ADHD, but it works excellent in healthy adults as well. [10] 90003 90002 The recommended daily dosage is 300 mg of Bacopa Monnieri. We recommend supplementing it for at least 8-12 weeks. 90003 90026 Caffeine 90027 90002 Caffeine is the most widely used stimulant known for its energy-boosting effects and antioxidant properties. It is a popular nootropic because it can provide mental stimulation.[11] 90003 90002 We recommend supplementing 100 mg of caffeine per day. You can expect even better results if you combine it with 200 mg of L-Theanine. 90003 90026 California poppy 90027 90002 California poppy is a species of flower plants suggested to interact with GABA and HTP receptors. It has been traditionally used as a sedative. [12] We lack studies to determine the optimal daily dosage. 90003 90026 Cat’s Claw (Uncaria Tomentosa) 90027 90002 Cat’s Claw is a South American vine herb that may help with brain aging.It possesses strong antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. It may prevent inflammation, help people with Alzheimer’s, and boost acetylcholine. [13] 90003 90002 The recommended daily dosage is 250-350 mg. 90003 90026 Catuaba 90027 90002 Catuaba is a traditional Brazilian bark herb that might have neuroprotective benefits. It may be beneficial for improving memory, agitation, and sexual arousal. [14] However, we lack studies to confirm the benefits. 90003 90026 CBD 90027 90002 CBD is a very popular cannabis-derived compound used to treat anxiety.It can help people with chronic pain, reduce inflammation, and decrease symptoms of schizophrenia. [15] 90003 90002 CBD is not entirely legal yet, but it is somehow in a grey area. The recommended daily dosage depends on your issues. 90003 90026 Celastrus paniculatus 90027 90002 Celastrus paniculatus is a woody shrub seed used in Ayurvedic herbalism that may help overall brain health. It may also promote intestinal health. Studies on rats show that this plant can reduce cholesterol and improve cognition.[16] 90003 90002 People used to take 10-20 seeds per day traditionally. 90003 90026 Citicoline 90027 90002 Citicoline is a naturally produced substance used for enhancing memory, improving mood, and cognitive function. This bioavailable source of choline can easily cross the blood-brain barrier on itself. Once it gets to the body, it cooperates in the synthesis of acetylcholine, the learning neurotransmitter. [17] 90003 90002 Citicoline as Cognizin is one of the most effective nootropics on the market.We highly recommend it. The recommended daily dosage is from 250-1000 mg. 90003 90026 Clitoria Ternatea 90027 90002 Clitoria Ternatea is a traditional Asian herb with potential memory-enhancing benefits. It has been used in Ayurveda for centuries. It works similarly to Bacopa Monnieri, but it lacks human studies and evidence. [18] 90003 90026 Coluracetam 90027 90002 Coluracetam is an underresearched synthetic compound that delivers similar effects as Pramiracetam. This synthetic nootropic lacks human studies.[19] 90003 90026 Convolvulus pluricaulis 90027 90002 Convolvulus pluricaulis is an Indian tonic herb and an Ayurvedic brain-booster. It has been traditionally used for improving cognition. Studies on animals seem positive, but we lack studies on humans. [20] Therefore, we do not know the optimal daily dosage. 90003 90026 Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) 90027 90002 Coenzyme Q10 is a pseudovitamin that power brain cell mitochondria and has anti-aging benefits. This molecule has a vital role in producing body energy.It may reduce blood pressure and improve blood flow. Besides, it possesses a lot of antioxidants. [21] 90003 90002 The recommended daily dosage is 90-200 mg. 90003 90026 Creatine 90027 90002 Creatine is probably the most researched compound used by athletes for building muscles. This nootropic can increase power output, increase lean mass, and it may improve cognitive performance. Some studies show a reduction in mental fatigue and improved memory. [22] 90003 90002 The recommended daily dosage is around 5 grams.90003 90026 Choline 90027 90002 Choline is a vitamin-like compound used for normal brain functioning. It is one of the essential nutrients that we can get from food. Choline is the precursor to acetylcholine. The primary reasons people often supplement are that it can enhance brain power, improve memory, and improve learning. [23] 90003 90002 The recommended daily dosage is 250-500 mg. 90003 90026 DHA (Omega 3) 90027 90002 DHA is an essential fatty acid that is necessary for brain development and optimized cognition.This acid is the main component in brain synapses. Supplementing it may improve cognitive performance, boost mood, decrease anxiety, depression, and even obesity. [24] 90003 90002 The recommended daily dosage is around 1 mg of fish oil (DHA and EPA combined). 90003 90026 DMAE 90027 90002 DMAE is a choline molecule, and it is the active compound of centrophenoxine, a popular nootropic drug. It is used for optimizing brain cell structure, but it might as well help with mood, cognitive decline, and attention.[25] 90003 90002 The recommended daily dosage has not been established yet. 90003 90026 Forskolin 90027 90002 Forskolin is made of a root plant in the mind family that might help with weight-loss. This nootropic (native to south Asia) is often combined with the artichoke extract to boost cAMP levels. It may enhance memory in healthy individuals. [26] 90003 90002 The recommended daily dosage is 150-250 mg. 90003 90026 GABA 90027 90002 GABA is a neurotransmitter and an amino acid that can help people relax.It may also improve sleep. GABA can not cross the blood-brain barrier, so it is often combined with other nootropics. [27] 90003 90002 The optimal daily dosage is unknown. 90003 90026 Ginkgo Biloba 90027 90002 Ginkgo Biloba is an ancient tree that enhances brain circulation, and it shows positive benefits on improving memory. It is one of the most popular nootropics on the market. It seems very effective for decreasing cognitive decline and enhancing memory in the elderly. [28] However, it does not seem so effective for healthy individuals.90003 90002 The recommended daily dosage is 120-240 mg. 90003 90026 Ginseng 90027 90002 Ginseng is another traditional Chinese plant used for several benefits, including increasing your energy, decreasing stress, and boosting your immune system. There are many types of Ginseng on the market with Panax Ginseng being the «true Ginseng.» [29] 90003 90002 The recommended daily dosage is 200-400 mg. 90003 90026 Gotu Kola 90027 90002 Gotu Kola is a traditional Chinese herbal best known for the fact that it maintains circulation to the brain, which promotes memory and mood.It has been traditionally used alongside Bacopa Monnieri for cognition and regeneration. Among other benefits, it may ensure the faster growth of neurons. [30] 90003 90002 The optimal daily dosage has not been established yet. 90003 90026 Guarana 90027 90002 Guarana is a South American berry known as one of the best sources of caffeine and an alternative to coffee. Guarana seed contains more caffeine than a coffee bean. This nootropic is great for energy-boosting. [31] 90003 90002 The recommended daily dosage is 50-75 mg.90003 90026 Huperzine-A 90027 90002 Huperzine-A is a plant extract with cholinergic properties. It works by slowing down the acetylcholine degradation. It seems especially useful for older adults, but it may enhance cognition in healthy individuals as well. [32] 90003 90002 The recommended daily dosage is 50-200 mcg. 90003 90026 Kanna (Sceletium tortuosum) 90027 90002 Kanna is a South African herb that helps to improve mental performance in seniors, especially in those with brain degeneration.It may also be beneficial for reducing anxiety and improving sleep quality. Compared to a placebo, it showed to enhance cognitive functions in middle-aged adults. [33] 90003 90002 The current known optimal dosage is around 8-25 mg per day. 90003 90026 Kava Kava 90027 90002 Kava is a psychoactive root herb that may help to promote relaxation and improve sleep. It has been traditionally used as an anxiety reducer. 90003 90002 Some studies show that supplementing Kava can decrease reaction time, improve subjective well-being, and enhance cognition.[34] However, we do lack studies to confirm all those benefits. The recommended daily dosage is up to 300 mg. 90003 90026 Kratom 90027 90002 Kratom is a risky traditional Asian herb that is believed to promote feelings of calmness. Drug addicts often supplement it for withdrawal from drugs. It may help depressed people, but it is considered unsafe. [35] Therefore, we do not recommend supplementing it. 90003 90026 L-Glutamine 90027 90002 L-Glutamine is a conditionally essential amino acid that supports glutamate, which is a crucial brain chemical for healthy cognition.It seems effective for people who lack it — mainly vegans and vegetarians. [36] The recommended daily dosage is around 5 grams. 90003 90026 L-Phenylalanine 90027 90002 L-Phenylalanine is another amino acid needed for clear mental function. It is a building blog of protein. It is used for depression, ADHD, weight loss, and several other reasons. [37] The recommended daily dosage has not been established yet. 90003 90026 L-Theanine 90027 90002 L-Theanine is an amino acid found in green tea that promotes relaxation and creativity.It is one of the most popular amino acids and nootropics on the market. People often combine it with caffeine to enhance caffeine effects. [38] 90003 90002 Studies show that L-Theanine may positively influence sleep quality. The recommended daily dosage is 100-200 mg. 90003 90026 L-Tryptophan 90027 90002 L-Tryptophan is an essential amino acid that helps our bodies make proteins. It is also a nootropic used for relaxation and improving sleep quality. This amino acid is especially beneficial for people who suffer from depression.[39] 90003 90002 The recommended daily dosage has not been established yet. 90003 90026 Lecithin 90027 90002 Soy lecithin is a phospholipid that supplies choline in forms of phosphatidylserine, phosphatidylcholine, and phosphatidylinositol. It is beneficial for decreasing cortisol levels, stress, and cholesterol. Choline, in general, plays an important role in memory formation. [40] 90003 90002 The recommended daily dosage is 500-2000 mg. 90003 90026 Lemon Balm 90027 90002 Lemon Balm (Melissa officinalis) is a traditional herb that promotes calmness and induces sleep.Despite the lack of studies, it may be beneficial for improving cognition as well. Lemon Balm also decreases alertness. [41] 90003 90002 The recommended daily dosage is 300 mg. 90003 90026 Lion’s Mane Mushroom 90027 90002 Lion’s Mane mushroom (Yamabushitake) is a mighty medicinal mushroom that induces nerve growth factor. It is a promising cognitive enhancer; it can decrease anxiety, help people with depression, and slow down cognitive decline. [42] 90003 90002 The recommended daily dosage is 500-1000 mg.90003 90026 Magnolia 90027 90002 Magnolia officinalis is a bark herb that is used for relaxation. It has been known from traditional Chinese medicine, where is has been used for its neuroprotective functions. It may protect people from cancer, help with inflammation, and work as an anti-depressant. [43] 90003 90002 The recommended daily dosage is from 160 to 500 mg. 90003 90026 MCT oil 90027 90002 MCT oil is a highly saturated type of coconut oil. It supports the use of ketones for brain energ, y and it is helpful for mental clarity.Among other benefits, MCT oil may improve processing speed in people. [44] 90003 90002 We recommend supplementing it with coffee. 90003 90026 Mucuna Pruriens 90027 90002 Mucuna Pruriens is a precursor to the formation of dopamine. This nootropic can increase adrenaline, decrease cortisol, help to reduce the symptoms of Parkinson’s disease, and it may improve subjective well-being. [45] 90003 90002 The recommended daily dosage is 5 grams of dried powder. 90003 90026 NADH 90027 90002 NADH (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide + hydrogen) is an antioxidant coenzyme related to vitamin B3.It plays an important role in generating energy in our bodies. People use it to enhance mental clarity, focus, concentration, and treating dementia. [46] 90003 90002 The recommended daily dosage is 5-10 grams. 90003 90026 Nefiracetam 90027 90002 Nefiracetam is another synthetic racetam that may help with age-related memory and cognitive issues. It is structurally similar to aniracetam. This nootropic is neuroprotective, and it may enhance our memory. [47] 90003 90002 The recommended daily dosage is 150-450 mg.90003 90026 Nicotine 90027 90002 Nicotine is nootropic with relatively powerful brain-boosting benefits. It is naturally found in tobacco, which is an important compound of cigarettes. Nicotine can activate acetylcholine receptors, it works as a fat burner, and it may increase cognition. [48] ​​90003 90026 Noopept 90027 90002 Noopept is a very popular nootropic that shows a positive impact on brain function. It is structurally similar to piracetam, so it provides similar effects. It is a great nootropic for its stimulatory properties.[49] 90003 90002 The recommended daily dosage is 10-30 mg. 90003 90026 Oatstraw 90027 90002 Oatstraw is a plant which increases alpha brain waves associated with a state of relaxed alertness. It is also believed that it can reduce inflammation and improve mood. [50] 90003 90002 The recommended daily dosage is 800-1600 mg. 90003 90026 Oxiracetam 90027 90002 Oxiracetam is a very potent racetam that is used for boosting attention, logical thinking, and memory. Students mainly use it for enhancing learning, but it lacks human studies to confirm the benefits.Studies show, however, that Oxiracetam is effective for slowing down cognitive decline and dementia. [51] 90003 90002 The recommended daily dosage is between 1200 and 2400 mg. 90003 90026 Passionflower 90027 90002 Passionflower is a traditional herb with calming properties. Many people take it to fight sleep problems such as insomnia. Others supplement it to reduce anxiety, pain, and nervousness. [52] Until we get more studies, we will not understand how effective passionflower really is. 90003 90002 The recommended daily dosage is 400 mg.90003 90026 Phenibut 90027 90002 Phenibut is a very controversial nootropic that might help with mood issues. Structurally it is similar to GABA but is primarily used as a recreational drug. People use it to treat fear, anxiety, stress, fatigue, etc. [53] 90003 90002 W 90003.90000 Types, safety, and risks of smart drugs 90001 90002 A doctor may prescribe a nootropic to treat a medical condition. Usually, the drug is a type of stimulant, such as an amphetamine, that can help treat ADHD, narcolepsy, dementia, or a similar condition. 90003 90002 Prescription nootropics include: 90003 90006 90007 modafinil (Provigil), a stimulant that addresses the sudden drowsiness of narcolepsy 90008 90007 Adderall, which contains amphetamines to treat ADHD 90008 90007 methylphenidate (Ritalin), a stimulant that can manage symptoms of narcolepsy and ADHD 90008 90007 memantine (Axura), which treats symptoms of Alzheimer’s disease 90008 90015 90002 While these can be effective in treating specific medical conditions, a person should not take them without a prescription.90003 90002 Like any prescription medications, they carry risks of side effects and interactions, and a person should only take them under a doctor’s care. 90003 90002 Common side effects of prescription nootropics include: 90003 90002 Some evidence suggests that people who use prescription nootropics to improve brain function have a higher risk of impulsive behaviors, such as risky sexual practices. 90003 90002 Healthcare providers should work closely with people taking prescription nootropics to manage any side effects and monitor their condition.90003 90002 The term «nootropic» can also refer to natural or synthetic supplements that boost mental performance. The following sections discuss nootropics that do not require a prescription. 90003 90028 Caffeine 90029 90002 Many people consume beverages that contain caffeine, such as coffee or tea, because of their stimulant effects. Studies suggest that caffeine is safe for most people in moderate amounts. 90003 90002 Having a regular cup of coffee or tea may be a good way to boost mental focus.However, extreme amounts of caffeine may not be safe. 90003 90002 The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) recommend that people consume no more than 400 milligrams (mg) of caffeine a day. This is the amount in 4-5 cups of coffee. 90003 90002 Caffeine pills and powders can contain extremely high amounts of the stimulant. Taking them can lead to a caffeine overdose and even death, in rare cases. 90003 90002 Women who are pregnant or may become pregnant may need to limit or avoid caffeine intake.Studies have found that consuming 4 or more servings of caffeine a day is linked to a higher risk of pregnancy loss. 90003 90028 L-theanine 90029 90002 L-theanine is an amino acid that occurs in black and green teas. People can also take l-theanine supplements. 90003 90002 A 2016 review reported that l-theanine may increase alpha waves in the brain. Alpha waves may contribute to a relaxed yet alert mental state. 90003 90002 L-theanine may work well when paired with caffeine. Some evidence suggests that this combination helps boost cognitive performance and alertness.Anyone looking to consume l-theanine in tea should keep the FDA’s caffeine guidelines in mind. 90003 90002 There are no dosage guidelines for l-theanine, but many supplements recommend taking 100-400 mg per day. 90003 90028 Omega-3 fatty acids 90029 Share on PinterestStudies have shown that omega-3 fatty acids are important to fight against brain aging. 90002 Omega-3 fatty acids are among the most well-known and well-studied mental enhancers. 90003 90002 These polyunsaturated fats are found in fatty fish and fish oil supplements.This type of fat is important for brain health, and a person must get it from their diet. 90003 90002 Omega-3s help build membranes around the body’s cells, including the neurons. These fats are important for repairing and renewing brain cells. 90003 90002 A 2015 review found that omega-3 fatty acids protect against brain aging. Other research has concluded that omega-3s are important for brain and nervous system function. 90003 90002 However, a large analysis found «no benefit for cognitive function with omega & dash; 3 [polyunsaturated fatty acids] supplementation among cognitively healthy older people.»The authors recommend further long term studies. 90003 90002 A person can get omega-3 supplements in various forms, including fish oil, krill oil, and algal oil. 90003 90002 These supplements carry a low risk of side effects when a person takes them as directed, but they may interact with medications that affect blood clotting. Ask a doctor before taking them. 90003 90028 Racetams 90029 90002 Racetams are synthetic compounds that can affect neurotransmitters in the brain. Some nootropic racetams include: 90003 90006 90007 piracetam 90008 90007 pramiracetam 90008 90007 phenylpiracetam 90008 90007 aniracetam 90008 90015 90002 A study conducted in rats suggests that piracetam may have neuroprotective effects.90003 90002 One review states that «Some of the studies suggested there may be some benefit from piracetam, but, overall, the evidence is not consistent or positive enough to support its use for dementia or cognitive impairment.» Confirming this will require more research. 90003 90002 There is no set dosage for racetams, so a person should follow instructions and consult a healthcare provider. Overall, studies have no found adverse effects of taking racetams as directed. 90003 90028 Ginkgo biloba 90029 90002 Ginkgo biloba is a tree native to China, Japan, and Korea.Its leaves are available as an herbal supplement. 90003 90002 A 2016 study found that gingko biloba is «potentially beneficial» for improving brain function, but confirming this will require more research. 90003 90002 Ginkgo biloba may help with dementia symptoms, according to one review, which reported the effects occurring in people who took more than 200 mg per day for at least 5 months. 90003 90002 However, the review’s authors note that more research is needed. Also, with prescription nootropics available, ginkgo biloba may not be the most safe or effective option.90003 90028 90097 Panax ginseng 90098 90029 90002 90097 Panax ginseng 90098 is a perennial shrub that grows in China and parts of Siberia. People use its roots for medicinal purposes. 90003 90002 People should not confuse 90097 Panax ginseng 90098 with other types of ginseng, such as Siberian or American varieties. These are different plants with different uses. 90003 90002 A 2018 review reports that 90097 Panax ginseng 90098 may help prevent certain brain diseases, including Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, and Huntington’s disease.It also may help with brain recovery after a stroke. 90003 90002 90097 Panax ginseng 90098 interacts with many medications, so consult a doctor before taking it. A typical dosage for mental function is 100-600 mg once or twice a day. 90003 90028 Rhodiola 90029 90002 Some evidence suggests that 90097 Rhodiola rosea 90098 L., also known as rhodiola or roseroot, can help with cognitive ability. 90003 90002 One review reported that rhodiola may have neuroprotective effects and may help treat neurodegenerative diseases.90003 90002 Another review found that rhodiola helped regulate neurotransmitters in the brain, having a positive effect on mood. 90003 90002 Rhodiola capsules have varying strengths. Usually, a person takes a capsule once or twice daily. 90003 90028 Creatine 90029 90002 Creatine is an amino acid, which is a building block of protein. This supplement is popular among athletes because it may help improve exercise performance. It may also have some effects on mental ability. 90003 90002 A 2018 review found that taking creatine appears to help with short term memory and reasoning.Whether it helps the brain in other ways is unclear. 90003 90002 The International Society of Sports Nutrition report that creatine supplementation of up to 30 grams per day is safe for healthy people to take for 5 years. 90003 90002 Another 2018 review notes that there has been limited research into whether this supplement is safe and effective for adolescent athletes. 90003.90000 14 Nootropics, aka Brain Enhancers, for Your Memory and More 90001 90002 We’ve all been there. We do absentminded things like leave a laptop at the security checkpoint. Or we can not focus on the one dang work task we need to get done. What if these brain battles could be fought with supplements and compounds? 90003 90002 The official name for these enhancers is nootropics. Although the term is not as mainstream as words like anti-inflammatory and antioxidant, these brain enhancers may help overtaxed noggins.In fact, some of these «smart drugs» have been studied since the 1970s, and there’s a little bit of evidence that they might make your brain feel less soupy. 90003 90002 So are you having the occasional bad day, battling brain fog brought on by chronic illness, or navigating learning disabilities or mental health issues? Nootropics may be worth diving into. 90003 90002 Nootropics are a wide range of supplements and compounds that work to boost your mental function or moods. One nootropic might reportedly juice creativity, while another might give you a mega motivational kick in the booty.Yet another might tell your anxiety it’s time to go into hibernation. 90003 90002 «I wish people, especially those with chronic illnesses, knew about nootropics!» says Maija Haavisto, 33. Haavisto, an author who lives in Amsterdam, says she developed chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) at age 16. A few years later, she had trouble writing, reading, and remembering things — a brain fog associated with some chronic illnesses. 90003 90002 Through her own research in her 20s, Haavisto discovered nootropics.»Many with myalgic encephalomyelitis (another name for CFS) or autoimmune diseases suffer from cognitive problems with no idea that it could be relieved, and their doctors are similarly clueless.» 90003 90002 While some believe that nootropics are just for programmers, engineers, or workers focused on productivity, they have so much more potential. In fact, you’ve probably already heard of some nootropics, especially if you have a chronic illness. St. John’s wort, magnesium, and omega-3 are just a few of them.90003 90002 Chances are you’re already a nootropics user and you do not even know it. 90003 90002 The mechanisms behind each nootropic is different, and research is still in the works for many of them. One of the most popular forms is in your morning cup of joe: caffeine. 90003 90002 We like caffeine for the way it wakes us up and makes us feel mentally alert and focused, but we rarely think about the science behind it. Caffeine has this stimulating effect because it inhibits certain receptors that slow down brain activity.As an added bonus, a recent study shows that regular caffeine consumption could also have long-term effects, like decreasing your risk of dementia or Alzheimer’s disease. 90003 90002 Piracetam, the first compound to be labeled a nootropic, has been shown to help improve cognitive function in children with learning disorders such as dyslexia and ADHD. Another supplement called pyritinol, which is semi-synthetic, is two vitamin B-6 molecules attached to each other. It’s been associated with improved memory and reaction time.90003 90002 Haavisto’s first foray into nootropics was with ginkgo biloba, a common supplement found in many health food stores. She says it helped her, but she did not like taking it three times a day. «If I missed one dose, already my cognitive abilities would plummet.» So she asked her doctor to prescribe two nootropics: first piracetam and then nimodipine, a calcium channel blocker. Whether you need a prescription for these depends on which country you live in and your nootropic of choice. 90003 90002 Both drugs have personally helped Haavisto.»Before starting it, even the smallest cognitive exertion would fry my brain,» she says of the piracetam. The benefits from the nimodipine were immediate, as well. «Already from the first pill, I felt the fog lift and could also write better.» In her experience, she noted less issues with forgetting words and brain fatigue. 90003 90028 Science-backed nootropics 90029 90030 90031 caffeine 90032 90031 piracetam 90032 90031 pyritinol 90032 90031 ginkgo biloba 90032 90031 nimodipine 90032 90041 90002 90043 Always talk to your doctor before trying any supplements as they may interact with medications you’re taking.These supplements and herbs are meant as complementary enhancers and are not intended to replace any treatment you may be on. Supplements are not monitored for purity, strength, or quality by the FDA and you must choose your brand with caution. 90044 90003 90028 1. Set a goal 90029 90002 Your first order of business as a potential nootropics user is to decide on what you want to achieve. Are you looking to improve your motivation to finish your thesis? Reduce an uptick in anxiety while weaning off a prescription med? Clear chronic brain fog? Alleviate insomnia? Not all nootropics are the same, so figuring out your desired outcome will help narrow which nootropics might work for you.90003 90028 2. Take a look at your lifestyle 90029 90002 See if you can achieve your goal with some healthy changes first. For example, studies show exercising can improve mood, motivation, and focus. If developing better sleep habits could be all it takes to secure those sought-after Zzz’s, you may not need nootropics. However, these first lines of defense may not be possible or enough if you have a chronic illness. 90003 90028 3. Do your research 90029 90002 As with any drug or supplement, nootropics do have side effects, interactions, and contraindications.Before trying a nootropic, read up! Always talk to your doctor before taking any supplements and choose your nootropic based on research. Human studies provide more reliable conclusions than animal studies. 90003 90002 One place to read about nootropics is the community on Reddit, where experienced users like Haavisto bring a science-backed approach to every suggestion they try. «The Reddit forum has been useful,» Haavisto says, «and in general it’s nice to discuss the subject, which is not talked about much elsewhere.»Along with user experiences and lists of nootropics and their reported benefits, you’ll find plenty of links to published research studies. It’s essentially a review forum. 90003 90002 Of course, a subreddit is not a substitute for professional medical advice or care. Consult your physician before starting any supplements, as herbs and vitamins may interact with medications you’re taking. 90003 90028 4. Start out slow 90029 90002 Some experienced nootropic users engage in stacking — taking multiple nootropics or compounds to achieve a goal.One of the most common stacks is combining caffeine with L-theanine to boost focus. This is likely a safe stack for most people, but in general, you should try a nootropic that you’ve researched and spoken to a doctor about first. 90003 90002 Here’s a list of the most common nootropics with their reported uses: 90003 90002 See how you react to a low dose of your nootropic before increasing to the full recommended dose on the label or adding another nootropic to the mix. In short: be smart about sharpening your brain! 90003 90070 90002 90043 Jennifer Chesak is a Nashville-based freelance book editor and writing instructor.She’s also an adventure travel, fitness, and health writer for several national publications. She earned her MS in journalism from Northwestern’s Medill and is working on her first fiction novel, set in her native state of North Dakota. 90044 90003.